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ECG placement & mis-LEADing ECG’s

  • V1: 4th intercostal space (ICS), RIGHT margin of the sternum
  • V2: 4th ICS along the LEFT margin of the sternum
  • V4: 5th ICS, mid-clavicular line
  • V3: midway between V2 and V4
  • V5: 5th ICS, anterior axillary line (same level as V4)
  • V7: Left posterior axillary line, in the same horizontal plane as V6.
  • V8: Tip of the left scapula, in the same horizontal plane as V6.
  • V9: Left paraspinal region, in the same horizontal plane as V6.

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COVID-19 (Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome)

AKA: Paediatric Inflammatory Multi-system Syndrome – Temporally associated with SARS-CoV 2 

Although COVID-19 seems a benign disease in almost all children there are increasing evidence (however rare) of a “Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome”. This is a RARE and newly emerging condition and there are many questions still e.g. It is currently unclear if it is directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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COVID-19 (40 Step Desaturation Test)

NHS England has introduced the use of a “40 step desaturation test” into discharge planning from the ED. You will have heard Covid -19 patients complaining of increasing SOB on exercise, and it’s important that we test this prior to discharge.

Method:

  • Is this appropriate? – Could the patient walk 40 steps before they were ill?
  • Patient remains in cubical – with mask on
  • Attach Sats probe – ensure good trace
  • Walk on spot 40 steps 
  • Monitor SaO2

 

 

COVID-19 (Awake Self-Proning)

There is increasing evidence that Awake Self-Proning of our Covid-19 patients can improve oxygenation. Proning the patient can has several effects which can dramatically improve their SaO2

  • Improves Ventilation to back of the lung (the back of the lung contains more alveoli than the anterior lung)
  • Improves Perfusion – as blood supply to the back of the lung is always better than the front
  • Improves Clearance of secretions
  • Be patient can take 15-20min

Contraindications (all seem obvious)

Absolute contraindications:

  • Respiratory distress (RR ≥ 35, PaCO2 ≥ 6.5, accessory muscle use) 
  • Immediate need for intubation 
  • Haemodynamic instability (SBP < 90mmHg) or arrhythmia 
  • Agitation or altered mental status 
  • Unstable spine/thoracic injury/recent abdominal surgery 

Relative Contraindications: 

  • Facial injury 
  • Neurological issues (e.g. frequent seizures) 
  • Morbid obesity 
  • Pregnancy (2/3rd trimesters) 
  • Pressure sores / ulcers 

 

3. HAZMAT – CBRNe (Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear) incidents

NHS England, Public Health England and the Health Protection Agency have produced several very useful resources for us to use – BUT First.

Remove – Remove – Remove

Basics

Contacts

  • Health Protection Agency Teams – HERE
    • West Yorkshire
      • In hours: 0113 386 0300
      • Out of hours: 114 304 9843
  • ECOSA (Emergency Coordinated Scientific Advice System) – 0300 3033 493

  • UK NPIS – 0344 892 0111

Guides

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