- V1: 4th intercostal space (ICS), RIGHT margin of the sternum
- V2: 4th ICS along the LEFT margin of the sternum
- V4: 5th ICS, mid-clavicular line
- V3: midway between V2 and V4
- V5: 5th ICS, anterior axillary line (same level as V4)
- V7: Left posterior axillary line, in the same horizontal plane as V6.
- V8: Tip of the left scapula, in the same horizontal plane as V6.
- V9: Left paraspinal region, in the same horizontal plane as V6.
Author: embeds
AKI – Acute Kidney Injury
AKI is a common issue for patients presenting to the ED and not only has a significant mortality associated with it but also a massive cost to the NHS. Early recognition and treatment can improve outcomes. Read more
AKI – teaching
Since we need to keep socially distanced, teaching may need to be a bit different. so this is our first effort to provide you with some local teaching resources.
Watch the video
Teams Q&A
we will send out invites to a teams meeting so we can discuss pointss around the teaching – and if we have time any other issues
Reference material
COVID-19 (Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome)
AKA: Paediatric Inflammatory Multi-system Syndrome – Temporally associated with SARS-CoV 2
Although COVID-19 seems a benign disease in almost all children there are increasing evidence (however rare) of a “Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome”. This is a RARE and newly emerging condition and there are many questions still e.g. It is currently unclear if it is directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
COVID-19 (40 Step Desaturation Test)
NHS England has introduced the use of a “40 step desaturation test” into discharge planning from the ED. You will have heard Covid -19 patients complaining of increasing SOB on exercise, and it’s important that we test this prior to discharge.
Method:
- Is this appropriate? – Could the patient walk 40 steps before they were ill?
- Patient remains in cubical – with mask on
- Attach Sats probe – ensure good trace
- Walk on spot 40 steps
- Monitor SaO2
- Pass – SaO2 remains >93%, or their expected (see flow chart)
COVID-19 (Awake Self-Proning)
There is increasing evidence that Awake Self-Proning of our Covid-19 patients can improve oxygenation. Proning the patient can has several effects which can dramatically improve their SaO2
- Improves Ventilation to back of the lung (the back of the lung contains more alveoli than the anterior lung)
- Improves Perfusion – as blood supply to the back of the lung is always better than the front
- Improves Clearance of secretions
- Be patient can take 15-20min
Contraindications (all seem obvious)
Absolute contraindications:
- Respiratory distress (RR ≥ 35, PaCO2 ≥ 6.5, accessory muscle use)
- Immediate need for intubation
- Haemodynamic instability (SBP < 90mmHg) or arrhythmia
- Agitation or altered mental status
- Unstable spine/thoracic injury/recent abdominal surgery
Relative Contraindications:
- Facial injury
- Neurological issues (e.g. frequent seizures)
- Morbid obesity
- Pregnancy (2/3rd trimesters)
- Pressure sores / ulcers
COVID-19 (Donning/Doffing-LOCAL)
Local instructional videos for donning/doffing
Non-Aerosol Generating Procedures
Aerosol Generating Procedures
Disponible FFP3 (Leeds)
COVID-19 (CPAP)
COVID-19 (X-Ray learning resource)
British Society of Thoracic Imaging (BSTI) have released a free learning resource containing CXR and CT of confirmed Covid-19 cases, will short history including time image was taken from onset of symptoms.
From the China experience CXR/CT doesn’t seem to be a rule out strategy in ED at the moment – However, its a useful resource to help recognition of Covid-19 CXR’s
3. HAZMAT – CBRNe (Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear) incidents
NHS England, Public Health England and the Health Protection Agency have produced several very useful resources for us to use – BUT First.
Remove – Remove – Remove
Basics
Contacts
- Health Protection Agency Teams – HERE
- West Yorkshire
- In hours: 0113 386 0300
- Out of hours: 114 304 9843
- West Yorkshire
-
ECOSA (Emergency Coordinated Scientific Advice System) – 0300 3033 493
- UK NPIS – 0344 892 0111
Guides
- PHE: CBRNe Guide – covers from initial contact to specific threats
- HPA: New Disease New Threats – images and info to aid identification
- PHE: Suspected Novichock in ED – guide to management
- NHS England: Guide to Major Incident and Mass Casualty – covers most MAJAX issues inc. ballistics, explosive, chemical
- Local: Ram-Gene – External Radioactive Contamination
- PHE: Radiation (internal only) – we have Rotem Ram-Gene